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To this day I’m still surprised how few CEOs really understand the differences between 2x liquidation preference and a liquidation preference with a 2x cap. Or what “flat spots&# on a cap table are. This article originally ran on TechCrunch. MORE
This was a man who, despite agreeing to take the meeting, established within the first few minutes of their conversation that he wasn’t someone who was likely to end up on her cap table and even more importantly, probably someone she didn’t want there. MORE
Solid post for young founders=> Cap Tables, Share Structures, Valuations, Oh My! I’m using Twitter as a form of micro-blogging to share interesting articles, blog posts and video clips relating to startups, entrepreneurship and legal issues. Below are my four most popular tweets for the past month. Cheers, Scott. Top 4 Tweets. A Case Study of Early-Stage Funding [link]. Determination is the most important thing.” MORE
Your historical trading information including financials and a “customer file” which shows the history of your transactions so that investors can run “cohort” analyses Customer reference, personal references, key team members, compensation, cap table, stock option plan, etc. MORE
I am a huge fan of simple cap tables. A cap table is a written record (in Excel, for example) of who owns stock in your company. One rule of simple cap tables is to issue “normal” stock to founders (common stock only) and investors (typically preferred stock, but sometimes common stock to early friends and family). It lists every owner out by amount owned, type of stock (common or preferred), and date purchased. MORE
Viable business structure and cap table. Large and growing market. Real domain expertise. Provable product need. Scalable business model. Competitive advantage. Platform/partnership/bizd ev/API strategy. External validation (ideally traction and/or passionate customers). Reasonable valuation. Proven team (tech/product/design/mark eting/sales/domain/etc.). But most important of all , it must have an entrepreneur on whom I’m willing to bet. MORE
This is not an argument for circulating the entire cap table or compensation calendar. MORE
When they’re at seed stage, we’re deferring to the founders’ decisions but also trying to help them understand the challenges associated with a hard pivot if their cap table isn’t supportive of the direction. MORE
I have a portfolio where 50% of the investments have founders that come from diverse backgrounds—and yes, I want them to get money from all of the still-active funds on Uber’s cap table that benefitted from the IPO. So, the extent to which any one fund will call out the other funds on the cap table that sat quietly on the sidelines for three years after Sarah Lacy called the company out in 2014 is going to be somewhat limited. MORE
Yet, as cash friendly as Slack could be--where it could easily have Kickstarter or Craigslist-like cashflow to cap table like ratios, it is still raising hundreds of millions of dollars. I've got a great deal for you. It requires you to set up the operation from scratch in every city--and it probably only works in cities. There is a ton of regulatory risk. Right now the market is pretty much only high net worth individuals. You only invest in scalable businesses? MORE
One of the top 3 to 5 worries when launching a startup is is “Who gets how much stock upon start or joining? Founders, Co-Founders, next employees, Investors, Etc. The founders of SmartAsset went through this process and decided to open it up to the world. These guys put together something very cool and it follows the “Give before you get” rule. They call it STARTUP ECONOMICS. Here it is… https://www.smartasset.com/infographic/startup. MORE
“If you need to clean up your own cap table first – while very hard to do – it will make outside funding easier” Again, go read the post now – I’ll wait. Often, there will be asymmetry between them with your new liquidation preferences having a multiple on them where they participate for a while up to a cap. Deal with reality as a founder as well as an investor group and avoid this complexity – just clean up your cap table instead. MORE
Hunter has a great lead in: “ Here’s where I think founders and cap tables should be more proactive. There are some blog posts that every entrepreneur should read. Hunter Walk at Homebrew recently wrote one of them. It’s titled Oh S**t, Your VC Just Quit Her Fund! What a Good CEO Should Do Next. He covers three cases: Bullish aka You Are Absolutely Killing It Written You Off Too Early To Tell – Some Good Stuff, Some Challenges But A Lot To Do. MORE
This is typically reflected on cap tables in a completely separate tab to the spreadsheet that shows the debt total by investor and then some kind of interest calculation. Of course many entrepreneurs naturally focus on the main tab of their cap table spreadsheet that shows ownership by founder, investor, etc and for them this is the starting point of negotiating a round. This is especially true when the round price is significantly higher than the convert cap. MORE
Let’s not waste time listing everything startups could be doing to more effectively manage their cap tables. When it comes to cap table management in startup companies, it’s unrealistic to expect perfection. What does your cap table need to address at each stage of growth? MORE
This is typically reflected on cap tables in a completely separate tab to the spreadsheet that shows the debt total by investor and then some kind of interest calculation. Of course many entrepreneurs naturally focus on the main tab of their cap table spreadsheet that shows ownership by founder, investor, etc and for them this is the starting point of negotiating a round. This is especially true when the round price is significantly higher than the convert cap. MORE
The risk of the “dirty cap table”. Oh, I know. When you started the business, you took investments from friends and family in small amounts just to get you started. Of course, that worked at the time. Enter the need for larger investments. MORE
The post Gust Launches Comprehensive Equity Management Platform for Cap Table Management and 409A Valuations appeared first on The Gust Blog. Gust News Starting Your Company 409A valuations cap table management equity managementGust announces acquisitions of Sharewave and Preferred Return; creates the most robust and affordable equity management solution for early-stage startups. MORE
I strongly believe the detailed story of the company’s success is the founders’ one to tell if they choose to do so, but at the risk of excessive inside baseball, I’ll share my perspectives from the cap table. MORE
Early Stage Hybrid Buyout a la Wag, Brandless, DoorDash : Softbank becomes the largest investor on the cap table, sometimes clears out the Board, and, if reporting is correct, doesn’t broadly offer secondary to earlier investors. MORE
101 funding Soomla Yaniv Nizan cap table Eyeview VC Funding is never easy. Even when you hear stories about entrepreneurs who walk out of a VC with a personal check from the managing director, it is usually after 6 months of pitching and hearing ''no''. MORE
Plaid may have looked at that environment, looked at their cap table (which includes Visa, MasterCard, and Goldman Sachs, among others) and smartly whispered to them about what it would take to join forces with another company — and given their strategic value, their API-first strategy, the weight of the fintech sector, and the smart minds around the table — they engineered an incredible exit with impeccable timing. MORE
When raising money from investors (angels or VC), it is critical to have a presentable and clean cap table. On a fully diluted pre-money basis, that would mean the option pool represents 14.5% (356,758/2,456,758) of the cap table. QUESTION #1: This leads to our cap table clean up question #1, namely is that the right allocation? Too much convertible debt on your cap table is a pain in the butt to deal with as it will drive down your valuation. MORE
What happens when a founder has that rare wealth of riches when they're choosing who they're going to allow onto their cap table? The tables turn and the one being pitched to becomes the one pitching. Every time you slip an obnoxious term into a cap table, or take six positive meetings before ultimately passing for a reason that should have come out in meaning one, you're debiting your rep. MORE
Who will hold the accountable to building something they’re proud of but remember we sit on the cap table, not the org chart. I live for that moment of flicker in an entrepreneur’s eye during a pitch discussion. MORE
As one of the lead engineers at ff Venture Capital , I spend most of my day building custom software solutions that enhance our firm’s process–tools that range from portfolio investment management to co-investor and cap table tracking and more. MORE
One of the most important decisions for a founder of an early stage company is deciding who should be on the cap table. Other A funds look to invest in seed rounds as a way to get a seat at the table, in order to have more options for a later round. in order to have a seat at the table for the next round. That’s why it’s critical to understand a the fund’s underlying philosophy on seed: is it true ownership or just a seat at the table? . MORE
It is less about actual money and more about structure of your Cap Table. Invested Interests cap table venture capital Marc Andreessen kicked off another great debate on Twitter last night, one that I’ve been talking about incessantly in private circles for the past 2-3 years – what actually IS the definition of a seed vs. A-round. Cautionary note: No competent VC is actually fooled when you show up after raising $6M in seed financing and say you’re now raising an A! MORE
I thought it might be useful to post up a model cap table ( Cap Table Model with Waterfall ). This cap table can be used by a pre-funded startup and then a financing can be layered in. They are simple, but critical to understanding how the cap table works and how valuable the cap table can be to your understanding of your stock holdings. MORE
Here is the latest edition of Finance Fridays from Brad Feld called “Introducing the Cap Table and CTO” Every startup needs someone to be in charge of the Cap Table. When I was General Counsel at a tech company during the 1999 bubble times, I kept the company’s Cap Table. And now as a VC, I keep the Cap Table for a few of the company’s for which I am a board member. should have its own tab on the Cap Table. MORE
Consider the interests of everyone on the cap table. One of the fun books I read last year was “Paper Tiger” by Tom Coyne. I love to play golf, and Tom did what many golfers dream about – he devoted 100% of his life for 2 years to get as good as he possibly can and tried to make it on a pro tour. The book is a light-hearted, enjoyable read. But one thing that stuck out to me was his description of playing in mini-tour events in Florida. MORE
On the other hand, some people try and pad the cap table with a bunch of big names or industry vets, even if their check size is small, just to build the network. Maybe it’s an e-mail or maybe it’s just a quarterly phone call that everyone on the cap table can dial-in to. Small investors are people, too—and there’s no upside to having a bunch of your cap table feel negatively in any way about the company. MORE
Recently this year, not only did the word-of-mouth for Superhuman noticeably increase (the company has been crafty at getting tech/social influencers on its cap table), I began to hear droves of employees at larger companies located far away from the Bay Area’s echo chamber say that switching over to Superhuman provided them with leverage and time back. MORE
How do you decide who you should have in your cap table? The post The “reverse” pitch: Who should you have on your cap table? When we think about pitches, most of the focus is on entrepreneurs pitching investors for capital. But VC can be competitive, particularly for interesting deals, and in many cases, the pitch meeting is a two-way street. Some of the best later-stage investors walk founders through an institutionalized “reverse” pitch. MORE
To provide relevant perspective, listing past convertible note(s) and/or equity financing(s) including total round size and valuation (caps) is helpful. Previous venture firms’ specific involvement on the cap table should be noted here, though. MORE
But taken to the extreme, you would have rounds with only one lead and almost no one else on the cap table. Many of us in the seed stage ecosystem have noticed a shift in the way seed rounds are coming together. Historically, seed rounds were syndicated among several different firms. MORE
All the disruption can be pretty jarring to an entrepreneur, especially in situations where the exiting partner represents the top line on your cap table. And the rest of the cap table can come along or not with their pro rata. (A MORE
I redacted our cap table and pictures of our VCs, but otherwise, feel free to use it with your own management team, or even your whole company. MORE
Or you negotiate the highest possible valuation from a new lead investor, only to discover that new lead investor, now on your Board, expects you to triple it in four years and is way out of alignment with the rest of your cap table. MORE
Carta went on to become the standard for cap table management and is a unicorn many times over. . Bessemer started the idea of the “anti-portfolio” – the companies that you passed on, but ended up doing very, very well. . MORE
As Finance Fridays continues, we are introducing the concept of the Cap Table. This week they set out to create their cap table and hire a CTO. Rather, it gets recorded in a document called the Capitalization Table (or “Cap Table”), which shows the ownership stake each person or entity has in the business. Time to update the cap table. When you read the cap table, think of it as a series of events that add new columns to the right. MORE
Capitalization tables—”cap tables” for those who don’t have time for extra syllables—map the balance of power in a company. If org charts are about people power , cap tables are about money power. In reality, however, cap tables are often far more complex. MORE
When you seek professional investors, whether organized angels or venture capitalists, one of the early questions you are asked is “How have you financed the business so far?” Investors love to see entrepreneurs who have used their own money to ignite their businesses. But often, entrepreneurs turn to others for initial capital. Describing that capital using the phrase “friends, family and fools,” or “FFF,” has become as common as to be trite. MORE
When I’m on the cap table I can help a founder navigate this to try and avoid going the distance with a potential investor. MORE
Cap Table Related Topics 
Board Effect
MAY 10, 2019
Capitalization tables—”cap tables” for those who don’t have time for extra syllables—map the balance of power in a company. If org charts are about people power , cap tables are about money power. In reality, however, cap tables are often far more complex.
Board Effect
MAY 13, 2019
Let’s not waste time listing everything startups could be doing to more effectively manage their cap tables. When it comes to cap table management in startup companies, it’s unrealistic to expect perfection. What does your cap table need to address at each stage of growth?
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Feld Thoughts
FEBRUARY 9, 2016
“If you need to clean up your own cap table first – while very hard to do – it will make outside funding easier” Again, go read the post now – I’ll wait. Often, there will be asymmetry between them with your new liquidation preferences having a multiple on them where they participate for a while up to a cap. Deal with reality as a founder as well as an investor group and avoid this complexity – just clean up your cap table instead.
ithacaVC
APRIL 25, 2014
I thought it might be useful to post up a model cap table ( Cap Table Model with Waterfall ). This cap table can be used by a pre-funded startup and then a financing can be layered in. They are simple, but critical to understanding how the cap table works and how valuable the cap table can be to your understanding of your stock holdings.
Feld Thoughts
SEPTEMBER 2, 2011
As Finance Fridays continues, we are introducing the concept of the Cap Table. This week they set out to create their cap table and hire a CTO. Rather, it gets recorded in a document called the Capitalization Table (or “Cap Table”), which shows the ownership stake each person or entity has in the business. Time to update the cap table. When you read the cap table, think of it as a series of events that add new columns to the right.
Berkonomics
MARCH 7, 2019
The risk of the “dirty cap table”. Oh, I know. When you started the business, you took investments from friends and family in small amounts just to get you started. Of course, that worked at the time. Enter the need for larger investments.
Gust
JUNE 22, 2016
The post Gust Launches Comprehensive Equity Management Platform for Cap Table Management and 409A Valuations appeared first on The Gust Blog. Gust News Starting Your Company 409A valuations cap table management equity managementGust announces acquisitions of Sharewave and Preferred Return; creates the most robust and affordable equity management solution for early-stage startups.
Berkonomics
MARCH 8, 2012
When you seek professional investors, whether organized angels or venture capitalists, one of the early questions you are asked is “How have you financed the business so far?” Investors love to see entrepreneurs who have used their own money to ignite their businesses. But often, entrepreneurs turn to others for initial capital. Describing that capital using the phrase “friends, family and fools,” or “FFF,” has become as common as to be trite.
Version One Ventures
MAY 22, 2018
How do you decide who you should have in your cap table? The post The “reverse” pitch: Who should you have on your cap table? When we think about pitches, most of the focus is on entrepreneurs pitching investors for capital. But VC can be competitive, particularly for interesting deals, and in many cases, the pitch meeting is a two-way street. Some of the best later-stage investors walk founders through an institutionalized “reverse” pitch.
VC Adventure
OCTOBER 8, 2012
This is typically reflected on cap tables in a completely separate tab to the spreadsheet that shows the debt total by investor and then some kind of interest calculation. Of course many entrepreneurs naturally focus on the main tab of their cap table spreadsheet that shows ownership by founder, investor, etc and for them this is the starting point of negotiating a round. This is especially true when the round price is significantly higher than the convert cap.
ithacaVC
SEPTEMBER 4, 2011
Here is the latest edition of Finance Fridays from Brad Feld called “Introducing the Cap Table and CTO” Every startup needs someone to be in charge of the Cap Table. When I was General Counsel at a tech company during the 1999 bubble times, I kept the company’s Cap Table. And now as a VC, I keep the Cap Table for a few of the company’s for which I am a board member. should have its own tab on the Cap Table.
VC Adventure
OCTOBER 8, 2012
This is typically reflected on cap tables in a completely separate tab to the spreadsheet that shows the debt total by investor and then some kind of interest calculation. Of course many entrepreneurs naturally focus on the main tab of their cap table spreadsheet that shows ownership by founder, investor, etc and for them this is the starting point of negotiating a round. This is especially true when the round price is significantly higher than the convert cap.
VC Cafe
JUNE 26, 2013
101 funding Soomla Yaniv Nizan cap table Eyeview VC Funding is never easy. Even when you hear stories about entrepreneurs who walk out of a VC with a personal check from the managing director, it is usually after 6 months of pitching and hearing ''no''.
Gust
OCTOBER 8, 2014
It is less about actual money and more about structure of your Cap Table. Invested Interests cap table venture capital Marc Andreessen kicked off another great debate on Twitter last night, one that I’ve been talking about incessantly in private circles for the past 2-3 years – what actually IS the definition of a seed vs. A-round. Cautionary note: No competent VC is actually fooled when you show up after raising $6M in seed financing and say you’re now raising an A!
Scalable Startup
JANUARY 28, 2013
One of the top 3 to 5 worries when launching a startup is is “Who gets how much stock upon start or joining? Founders, Co-Founders, next employees, Investors, Etc. The founders of SmartAsset went through this process and decided to open it up to the world. These guys put together something very cool and it follows the “Give before you get” rule. They call it STARTUP ECONOMICS. Here it is… https://www.smartasset.com/infographic/startup.
Hunter Walker
DECEMBER 24, 2018
I strongly believe the detailed story of the company’s success is the founders’ one to tell if they choose to do so, but at the risk of excessive inside baseball, I’ll share my perspectives from the cap table.
Hunter Walker
MARCH 14, 2019
All the disruption can be pretty jarring to an entrepreneur, especially in situations where the exiting partner represents the top line on your cap table. And the rest of the cap table can come along or not with their pro rata. (A
View from Seed
SEPTEMBER 23, 2019
To provide relevant perspective, listing past convertible note(s) and/or equity financing(s) including total round size and valuation (caps) is helpful. Previous venture firms’ specific involvement on the cap table should be noted here, though.
OnlyOnce
NOVEMBER 2, 2017
I redacted our cap table and pictures of our VCs, but otherwise, feel free to use it with your own management team, or even your whole company.
View from Seed
JANUARY 15, 2020
Consider the interests of everyone on the cap table. One of the fun books I read last year was “Paper Tiger” by Tom Coyne. I love to play golf, and Tom did what many golfers dream about – he devoted 100% of his life for 2 years to get as good as he possibly can and tried to make it on a pro tour. The book is a light-hearted, enjoyable read. But one thing that stuck out to me was his description of playing in mini-tour events in Florida.
Hunter Walker
JULY 20, 2019
When I’m on the cap table I can help a founder navigate this to try and avoid going the distance with a potential investor.
This is going to be BIG.
MAY 20, 2019
On the other hand, some people try and pad the cap table with a bunch of big names or industry vets, even if their check size is small, just to build the network. Maybe it’s an e-mail or maybe it’s just a quarterly phone call that everyone on the cap table can dial-in to. Small investors are people, too—and there’s no upside to having a bunch of your cap table feel negatively in any way about the company.
Version One Ventures
SEPTEMBER 20, 2018
One of the most important decisions for a founder of an early stage company is deciding who should be on the cap table. Other A funds look to invest in seed rounds as a way to get a seat at the table, in order to have more options for a later round. in order to have a seat at the table for the next round. That’s why it’s critical to understand a the fund’s underlying philosophy on seed: is it true ownership or just a seat at the table? .
Feld Thoughts
APRIL 16, 2019
Hunter has a great lead in: “ Here’s where I think founders and cap tables should be more proactive. There are some blog posts that every entrepreneur should read. Hunter Walk at Homebrew recently wrote one of them. It’s titled Oh S**t, Your VC Just Quit Her Fund! What a Good CEO Should Do Next. He covers three cases: Bullish aka You Are Absolutely Killing It Written You Off Too Early To Tell – Some Good Stuff, Some Challenges But A Lot To Do.
View from Seed
AUGUST 6, 2015
This is not an argument for circulating the entire cap table or compensation calendar.
Hunter Walker
NOVEMBER 21, 2018
When they’re at seed stage, we’re deferring to the founders’ decisions but also trying to help them understand the challenges associated with a hard pivot if their cap table isn’t supportive of the direction.
This is going to be BIG.
MAY 13, 2019
I have a portfolio where 50% of the investments have founders that come from diverse backgrounds—and yes, I want them to get money from all of the still-active funds on Uber’s cap table that benefitted from the IPO. So, the extent to which any one fund will call out the other funds on the cap table that sat quietly on the sidelines for three years after Sarah Lacy called the company out in 2014 is going to be somewhat limited.
View from Seed
MAY 29, 2019
But taken to the extreme, you would have rounds with only one lead and almost no one else on the cap table. Many of us in the seed stage ecosystem have noticed a shift in the way seed rounds are coming together. Historically, seed rounds were syndicated among several different firms.
Version One Ventures
DECEMBER 3, 2019
Carta went on to become the standard for cap table management and is a unicorn many times over. . Bessemer started the idea of the “anti-portfolio” – the companies that you passed on, but ended up doing very, very well. .
Gust
JANUARY 30, 2014
Viable business structure and cap table. Large and growing market. Real domain expertise. Provable product need. Scalable business model. Competitive advantage. Platform/partnership/bizd ev/API strategy. External validation (ideally traction and/or passionate customers). Reasonable valuation. Proven team (tech/product/design/mark eting/sales/domain/etc.). But most important of all , it must have an entrepreneur on whom I’m willing to bet.
Hunter Walker
SEPTEMBER 24, 2017
This was a man who, despite agreeing to take the meeting, established within the first few minutes of their conversation that he wasn’t someone who was likely to end up on her cap table and even more importantly, probably someone she didn’t want there.
Both Sides of the Table
MAY 19, 2018
Your historical trading information including financials and a “customer file” which shows the history of your transactions so that investors can run “cohort” analyses Customer reference, personal references, key team members, compensation, cap table, stock option plan, etc.
Hunter Walker
NOVEMBER 13, 2018
Early Stage Hybrid Buyout a la Wag, Brandless, DoorDash : Softbank becomes the largest investor on the cap table, sometimes clears out the Board, and, if reporting is correct, doesn’t broadly offer secondary to earlier investors.
Scott Edward Walker
SEPTEMBER 16, 2017
Solid post for young founders=> Cap Tables, Share Structures, Valuations, Oh My! I’m using Twitter as a form of micro-blogging to share interesting articles, blog posts and video clips relating to startups, entrepreneurship and legal issues. Below are my four most popular tweets for the past month. Cheers, Scott. Top 4 Tweets. A Case Study of Early-Stage Funding [link]. Determination is the most important thing.”
Hunter Walker
JUNE 14, 2018
Who will hold the accountable to building something they’re proud of but remember we sit on the cap table, not the org chart. I live for that moment of flicker in an entrepreneur’s eye during a pitch discussion.
This is going to be BIG.
JUNE 4, 2017
What happens when a founder has that rare wealth of riches when they're choosing who they're going to allow onto their cap table? The tables turn and the one being pitched to becomes the one pitching. Every time you slip an obnoxious term into a cap table, or take six positive meetings before ultimately passing for a reason that should have come out in meaning one, you're debiting your rep.
David Teten
MAY 20, 2016
As one of the lead engineers at ff Venture Capital , I spend most of my day building custom software solutions that enhance our firm’s process–tools that range from portfolio investment management to co-investor and cap table tracking and more.
ithacaVC
APRIL 5, 2011
I am a huge fan of simple cap tables. A cap table is a written record (in Excel, for example) of who owns stock in your company. One rule of simple cap tables is to issue “normal” stock to founders (common stock only) and investors (typically preferred stock, but sometimes common stock to early friends and family). It lists every owner out by amount owned, type of stock (common or preferred), and date purchased.
Haystack
JANUARY 13, 2020
Plaid may have looked at that environment, looked at their cap table (which includes Visa, MasterCard, and Goldman Sachs, among others) and smartly whispered to them about what it would take to join forces with another company — and given their strategic value, their API-first strategy, the weight of the fintech sector, and the smart minds around the table — they engineered an incredible exit with impeccable timing.
Haystack
DECEMBER 17, 2019
Recently this year, not only did the word-of-mouth for Superhuman noticeably increase (the company has been crafty at getting tech/social influencers on its cap table), I began to hear droves of employees at larger companies located far away from the Bay Area’s echo chamber say that switching over to Superhuman provided them with leverage and time back.
OnlyOnce
JULY 26, 2018
Or you negotiate the highest possible valuation from a new lead investor, only to discover that new lead investor, now on your Board, expects you to triple it in four years and is way out of alignment with the rest of your cap table.
This is going to be BIG.
JULY 2, 2015
Yet, as cash friendly as Slack could be--where it could easily have Kickstarter or Craigslist-like cashflow to cap table like ratios, it is still raising hundreds of millions of dollars. I've got a great deal for you. It requires you to set up the operation from scratch in every city--and it probably only works in cities. There is a ton of regulatory risk. Right now the market is pretty much only high net worth individuals. You only invest in scalable businesses?
Both Sides of the Table
JULY 25, 2011
To this day I’m still surprised how few CEOs really understand the differences between 2x liquidation preference and a liquidation preference with a 2x cap. Or what “flat spots&# on a cap table are. This article originally ran on TechCrunch.
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